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Mangifera indica

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Mangifera

manako, mango, meneke

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Evergreen trees 10–40 m tall, crown large and spreading.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate, often crowded at the ends of the branches. Blades oblong–lanceolate, 5–32 cm long, 1.5–10 cm wide. Apex acute to long-acuminate. Surfaces glabrous leathery. Margins usually undulate. Petioles 1–8 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal panicles. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals 2–3 mm long, pilose. Corolla greenish-white or tinged purple, 3.5 mm long, the tips recurved. Fertile stamen 1, ca. 2.5 mm, with ovate anther; staminodes 4, 0.7-1 mm. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1.

Fruit: Drupes asymmetrical; green with yellow spots or yellowish green to yellowish orange; at maturity sometimes with a purple to red blush; oblong–subreniform; 5–15 cm long; 6–8 cm thick; mesocarp orange; thick; and juicy. Seeds with an oily embryo.

Ploidy: 2n = 40

Habitat: Tropical and some subtropical regions.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (41)

Mangifera amba Forssk. (1775)
Mangifera anisodora Blanco (1845)
Mangifera austroyunnanensis Hu (1940)
Mangifera balba Crevost & Lemarié (1917)
Mangifera cambodiana (Pierre) Anon. (1911)
Mangifera domestica Gaertn. (1790)
Mangifera equina Crevost & Lemarié (1917)
Mangifera gladiata Bojer (1837)
Mangifera indica var. bapang Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. cambodiana Pierre (1897)
Mangifera indica var. compressa Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. deropong Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. dodol Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. domestica (Gaertn.) Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. gratissima Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kaijer Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kalapa Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kidang Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. marundana Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. marunga Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. mekongensis Pierre (1897)
Mangifera indica var. niela Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. pallens Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. piit Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. sangier Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. sentok Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. teloor Blume (1850)
Mangifera kukulu Blume (1850)
Mangifera laurina var. deropong Blume (1850)
Mangifera laxiflora Desr. (1792)
Mangifera linnaei Korth. ex Hassk. (1844)
Mangifera maritima Lechaume (1871)
Mangifera mekongensis (Pierre) Anon. (1911)
Mangifera montana B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn. (1834)
Mangifera oryza Crevost & Lemarié (1917)
Mangifera racemosa Bojer (1837)
Mangifera rostrata Blanco (1845)
Mangifera rubra Bojer (1837)
Mangifera sativa Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Mangifera siamensis Warb. ex Craib (1915)
Mangifera viridis Bojer (1837)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Fruit does not contain the physical irritant compounds and is eaten in a variety of manners. (ie: raw, pickled, jelly/jam)

  • Mango wood can be used to make wooden items, like bowls

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Specimens

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Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Native to Asia, widely cultivated in practically all tropical and some subtropical regions. In Hawai‘i a very early post-Captain Cook introduction that is commonly cultivated and often becomes naturalized in valleys, abandoned homesites, and through accid
  • Sap, leaves, and fruit skins contain a compound similar to the irritant in poison ivy and can cause a rash-like reaction of various severity. Like poison ivy, some people remain unaffected by the irritant.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 200 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:196 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:104 (KEY), 105 (DESCR); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:153 (remove Ni, Ka [no evidence of nat.])

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Poisonous Plants of Paradise (Scott and Thomas) p.107-111

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Mangifera indica Honolulu, Punahou area, 1940 Manoa Rd In full sun. Preserved_Specimen Tree 6 m tall with dense rounded crown. Petals white except for the proximal inner surface which is lemon yellow aging to orange or caramel. Flowers fragrant (morning). Lau, J. 1881 Oahu BISH 1986-01-15
2 Mangifera indica Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Grounds. Cultivated in mowed lawn. Near Monkey pod tree Preserved_Specimen tree Bish Staff 2 Oahu BISH 2022-02-24
3 Mangifera indica Isaac Hale Beach Park, 20 mi SE of Hilo Roadsides, introduced. Preserved_Specimen Tree 30', 2' diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31063 Hawaii BISH 1976-08-17
4 Mangifera indica Honolulu: 3146 Kaimuki Ave Cultivated. Preserved_Specimen Tree 40' ht, diam at base 12. Fruit round, blushing only slightly. Nagata, K.M. 773 Oahu BISH 1971-02-23
5 Mangifera indica Laie, BYU-Hawaii campus Sandy, clay soil; lowlands up to 2000 ft. Preserved_Specimen Shady tree, leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple or compound, fruit ordinarily a drupe or a nut; flowers in axillary or terminal panicles. Utai, M. 849 Oahu BISH 1975-03-01
6 Mangifera indica Kahuku Very common, many varieties. Preserved_Specimen Tree 10-50' high; many branched. Weber, L. Oahu BISH 1977-03-26
7 Mangifera indica Hauula Homestead Sparse in clay soil. Preserved_Specimen Huge tree; rich foliage. White, P.T. 46 Oahu BISH 1977-04-12
8 Mangifera indica Near L.D.S. Church, Waialua In silty loam. Preserved_Specimen Tree to 40' high. Masses of sweet-smelling small flowers. Afualo, D. 66 Oahu BISH 1975-03-16
9 Mangifera indica ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District Mango trees are common throughtout the area and many of the trees are 80 ft. tall. Collected from along the side of a dirt road. The soil is rocky `a`a. Associated with Pandanus. Preserved_Specimen The specimen was collected from a 40 ft. tree. The tree was taller then the neighboring Pandanus. Yoshida, L. 79.029 Hawaii BISH 1979-02-22
10 Mangifera indica Puna, Kapoho HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 11/22/2018
11 Mangifera indica Palawai Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 313 Lanai BISH 1914-03-16
12 Mangifera indica Waimanu Valley HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 11/27/2010
13 Mangifera indica Laie Preserved_Specimen Luke, K. 36 Oahu BISH 1960-12-28
14 Mangifera indica Waiakea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/7/2008
15 Mangifera indica Puna HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 6/30/2019
16 Mangifera indica Waiakea HUMAN_OBSERVATION Friday, J.B. Hawaii 4/7/2008
17 Mangifera indica Kalaupapa; peninsula, old heiau, Kalawao Preserved_Specimen large trees Wysong, M.L. 775 Molokai BISH 2005-08-10
18 Mangifera indica Tantalus, U.S. Experiment Station Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 370 Oahu BISH 1927-01-24
19 Mangifera indica Alewa Heights, Honolulu Cultivated in loam soil. Preserved_Specimen Taguchi, V. 9 Oahu BISH 1962-03-10
20 Mangifera indica Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 182 Oahu BISH 1982-02-21
21 Mangifera indica ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District HUMAN_OBSERVATION 1627511128 Hawaii HAPI 11/20/2011
22 Mangifera indica University of Hawaii campus, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-01-20
23 Mangifera indica Old Naval Station, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 220 Oahu BISH 1920-02-04
24 Mangifera indica Puna: Queen's Bath Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 2928 Hawaii BISH 1959-06-22
25 Mangifera indica Honolulu, Kamehameha Schools Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1951-12-28
26 Mangifera indica University of Hawaii campus, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-04-30
27 Mangifera indica Honolulu Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) Oahu BISH 1920-01-01
28 Mangifera indica unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2512 BISH
29 Mangifera indica unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 2513 BISH
30 Mangifera indica Halepuaa Forest Reserve in the Puna District Isolated trees of mango are found scattered throughout Halepuaa Forest Reserve. Plants are more common along the roadways. Preserved_Specimen Larger trees average 60-70 feet in height. Clarke, G. 79.256 Hawaii BISH 1979-05-05
31 Mangifera indica Honolulu; Kalihi, near intersection of Likelike Hwy & School St In back yard. Preserved_Specimen In flower and fruit. Kennedy, B. 45 Oahu BISH 1996-02-01
32 Mangifera indica 909 3rd Ave., Honolulu Cultivated; collector's residence. Preserved_Specimen Tree 25' ht; 16 dbh; panicles terminal, deep pink in color, approaching 24 long. Nagata, K.M. 533 Oahu BISH 1969-03-18
33 Mangifera indica Halawa Abundant by old overgrown taro patches. Preserved_Specimen Some trees 4.5' diam. St.John, H. 12699 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
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